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Ralph A. DeFronzo, MD

Contact

defronzo@uthscsa.edu

Departments & Divisions

Ralph A. DeFronzo, MD

Professor of Medicine

Chief, Diabetes Division

Deputy Director, Texas Diabetes Institute (TDI)

Currently seeking Ph.D. students

Dr. Ralph DeFronzo graduated from Yale University with a degree in biology and biochemistry before going on to Harvard Medical School.  Following internal medicine training at Johns Hopkins, he completed fellowships in Endocrinology (NIH, Baltimore City Hospital) and Nephrology (Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania). He holds the Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long Distinguished Chair in Diabetes in the Long School of Medicine at UT Health San Antonio, where he has been on the faculty since 1988. Dr. DeFronzo is directly responsible for many seminal advances achieved in diabetes over the last 50 years. He was a leader in developing the concept of insulin resistance, the defining characteristic of Type 2 diabetes, resulting in novel ideas about the development and progression of diabetes.

Dr. DeFronzo led the U.S. development of metformin, the first-line medication for treatment of diabetes and ushered it through FDA approval in 1995. More recently, he discovered a new approach to diabetes treatment and invented the SGLT2 inhibitor class of drugs that target glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. This work led to the development and approval of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and canagliflozin. His most recent work, along with Dr. Bruno Doiron, has led to a possible cure for type 1 diabetes and is being developed by studies in large animals.

In 1987, Dr. DeFronzo received the Lilly Award from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) as the outstanding young investigator. In 2002, he received the Albert Renold Award from the ADA for the training of more than 200 young diabetes investigators. In 2005, he received the Novartis Award at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Diabetes Association as the outstanding clinical investigator worldwide. In 2008. he won the Banting Award from the ADA and the Claude Bernard Award from the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). This represents the highest lifetime scientific awards given by the ADA and EASD.  In 2017, Dr. DeFronzo won the Harold Hamm International Prize for Biomedical Research in Diabetes. Dr. DeFronzo is the recipient of the Prince Mahidol Award (2022), which is given to an individual in medicine who has displayed transformative leadership and has made major innovative discoveries that have improved health care globally.  His ominous Octet Banting Lecture, presented at the 2008 ADA summarized 45 years of transformative clinical investigation and is used worldwide by physicians to describe the whole body, organ, cellular, and molecular etiology of type 2 diabetes. 

His six-year EDICT study led the American Diabetes Association to alter its 2022 Standards of Care to recommend, for the first time, the  initial combination therapy for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.  He is also the author of over 850 publications in esteemed peer reviewed journals and is the editor of the International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. He has an H-index of 1.85.

Dr. Ralph DeFronzo's major interests focus on the pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the central role of insulin resistance in the metabolic-cardiovascular cluster of disorders known collectively as the Insulin Resistance Syndrome. Using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in combination with radioisotope turnover methodology, limb catheterization, indirect calorimetry and muscle biopsy, he has helped to define the biochemical and molecular disturbances responsible for insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism.  Dr. DeFronzo is the longest consecutively funded investigator by the NIDDK/NIH – from 1975 to 2028 (53 years).  He currently is the PI on two five-year NIH grants and the Co-PI on two other five-year NIH grants in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  • Professional Background

    Education

    • 1969 - MS - Medicine (Cum Laude) - Boston College Graduate School of Biology
    • 1969 - MD - Medicine (Cum Laude) - Harvard Medical School
    • 1967 - BMS - Medicine - Dartmouth Medical School
    • 1964 - BS - Biology/Biochemistry - Yale Univeristy
    • Postdoctoral Fellowship - Renal - Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
    • Postdoctoral Fellowship - Endocrinology - Gerontology Research Center, NIMHCD and Baltimore City Hospital
    • Internship - Johns Hopkins Hopsital
    • Internship - Johns Hopkins Hospital

    Appointments

    • 12/1994 - Deputy Director - Texas Diabetes InstituteSan Antonio
    • 12/1988 - Staff Physician - South Texas Veterans Health Care System - Audie L. Murphy DivisionSan Antonio
    • 9/1988 - Professor of Medicine - UTHSCSA, Medicine/Diabetes, San Antonio
    • 9/1988 - Director, Diabetes Research Unit - Diabetes Research Unit, Barrter Research Unit, UTHSCSASan Antonio
    • 9/1988 - Division Chief, Diabetes - UTHSCSA, Medicine/Diabetes, San Antonio

  • Research & Grants

    Grants

    Federal

    Funding Agency Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp Title The role of inflammatory, insulin signaling, and adipocytokine mechanisms in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects treated with diovan Status Active Period 1/2008 - Present Role Co-Investigator Grant Detail   Funding Agency Eli Lilly & Company Title Durability of early initial combination therapy with exenatide/pioglitazone/metformin vs conventional therapy in new onset type 2 diabetes Status Active Period 1/2009 - Present Role Co-Investigator Grant Detail  

  • Publications

      Book Chapter

      Tripathy D, Pinkson S, Koops M, DeFronzo RA. Is this type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, or late autoimmune diabetes in adults?. In: Tripathy D, Pinkson S, Koops M, DeFronzo RA. Diabetes Case Studies: Real Problems, Practical Solutions. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association; 2015. p. 64-66. Triplitt C, Solis-Herrera C, Reasner C, DeFronzo RA, Cersosimo E. Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. In: DeGroot LJ, Beck-Peccoz P, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, McLachlan R, New M, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Weickert MO. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText com, Inc; 2015. p. 1-7. Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA, Eldor R. Combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In: Alberti KGMM, DeFronzo RA, Zimmet P. International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. Chickester, England: John Wiley; 2015. p. 686-708. DeFronzo RA. Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In: Alberti KGMM, DeFronzo RA, Zimmet P. International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. Chickester, England: John Wiley; 2015. p. 371-400. Ferrannini E, DeFronzo RA. Insulin actions in vivo: glucose metabolism. In: Alberti KGMM, DeFronzo RA, Zimmet P. In International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. Chickester, England: John Wiley; 2015. p. 211-233. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Regulation of intermediary metabolism during fasting and refeeding. In: JL Jameson & LJ DeGroot. Endocirnology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2015. p. 673-698.

      Editorial

      DeFronzo RA. The EMPA-REG study: What has it told us? A diabetologist`s perspective J Diabetes Complications 2016 Jan;30(1):1-2. Ryder REJ, DeFronzo RA. Diabetes medications with cardiovascular protection ? what now after LEADER? ? could metformin, pioglitazone, empagliflozin and liraglutide complement each other to save lives? Br J Diabetes 2016 Jan;16:103-106. Ryder REJ, DeFronzo RA. Diabetes medications with cardiovascular protection in the wake of EMPA-REG OUTCOME: the optimal combination may be metformin, pioglitazone and empagliflozin Br J Diabetes Vasc 2015 Jan;15:151-154.

      Journal Article

      Fiorentino TV, Casiraghi F, Davalli AM, Finzi G, La Rosa S, Higgins PB, Abrahamian GA, Marando A, Sessa F, Perego C, Guardado-Mendoza R, Kamath S, Ricotti A, Fiorina P, Daniele G, Paez AM, Andreozzi F, Bastarracea RA, Comuzzie AG, Gastaldelli A, Chavez AO, Di Cairano ES, Frost P, Luzi L, Dick EJ, Halff GA, DeFronzo RA, Folli F. Exenatide regulates pancreatic islet integrity and insulin sensitivity in baboons JCI Insight 2019 Oct;. Ferrannini E, Baldi S, Frias JP, Guja C, Hardy E, Repetto E, Jabbour SA, DeFronzo RA. Hormone-substrate changes with exenatide plus dapagliflozin versus each drug alone: the randomized, Active-controlled DURATION-8 trial Diabetes Obes Metab 2019 Aug;. Mehta R, Gastaldelli A, Balas B, Ricotti A, DeFronzo RA, Tripathy D. Mechanism of action of inhaled insulin on whole body glucose metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes Int J Molec Sci 2019 Aug;. Flannick J, Mercader JM, Fuchsberger C, Udler MS, Mahajan A, Wessel J, Teslovich TM, Caulkins L, Koesterer R, Barajas-Olmos F, Blackwell TW, Boerwinkle E, Brody JA, Centeno-Cruz F, Chen L, Chen S, Contreras-Cubas C, Cordova E, Correa A, Cortes M, DeFronzo RA, Dolan L, Drews KL, Elliott A, Floyd JS, Gabriel S, Garay-Sevilla ME, Garcia-Ortiz H, Gross M, Han S, Heard-Costa NL, Jackson AU, J?rgensen ME, Kang HM, Kelsey M, Kim BJ, Koistinen HA, Kuusisto J, Leader JB, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu J, Lyssenko V, Manning AK, Marcketta A, Malacara-Hernandez JM, Martinez-Hernandez A, Matsuo K, Mayer-Davis E, Mendoza-Caamal E, Mohlke KL, Morrison AC, Ndungu A, Ng MCY, O'Dushlaine C, Payne AJ, Pihoker C; Broad Genomics Platform, Post WS, Preuss M, Psaty BM, Vasan RS, Rayner NW, Reiner AP, Revilla-Monsalve C, Robertson NR, Santoro N, Schurmann C, So WY, Soberon X, Stringham HM, Strom TM, Tam CHT, Thameem F, Tomlinson B, Torres JM, Tracy RP, van Dam RM, Vujkovic M, Wang S, Welch RP, Witte DR, Wong TY, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Blangero J, Bonnycastle LL, Bowden DW, Chambers JC, Chan E, Cheng CY, Cho YS, Collins FS, de Vries PS, Duggirala R, Glaser B, Gonzalez C, Gonzalez ME, Groop L, Kooner JS, Kwak SH, Laakso M, Lehman DM, Nilsson P, Spector TD, Tai ES, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Wilson JG, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Bottinger E, Burke B, Carey DJ, Chan JCN, Dupuis J, Frossard P, Heckbert SR, Hwang MY, Kim YJ, Kirchner HL, Lee JY, Lee J, Loos RJF, Ma RCW, Morris AD, O'Donnell CJ, Palmer CNA, Pankow J, Park KS, Rasheed A, Saleheen D, Sim X, Small KS, Teo YY, Haiman C, Hanis CL, Henderson BE, Orozco L, Tusie-Luna T, Dewey FE, Baras A, Gieger C, Meitinger T, Strauch K, Lange L, Grarup N, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Zeitler P, Dabelea D, Abecasis G, Bell GI, Cox NJ, Seielstad M, Sladek R, Meigs JB, Rich SS, Rotter JI; DiscovEHR Collaboration; CHARGE; LuCamp; ProDiGY; GoT2D; ESP; SIGMA-T2D; T2D-GENES; AMP-T2D-GENES, Altshuler D, Burtt NP, Scott LJ, Morris AP, Florez JC, McCarthy MI, Boehnke M. Exome sequencing of 20,791 type 2 diabetes cases and 24,440 controls Nature 2019 Jun;570:71-76. DeFronzo RA, Inzucchi S, Abdul-Ghani M, Nissen SE. Pioglitazone: The forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes Diab Vas Dis Res 2019 Feb;. Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, Blonde L, Bloomgarden ZT, Bush MA, Dagogo-Jack S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Fonseca VA, Garber JR, Garvey WT, Grunberger G, Handelsman Y, Hirsch IB, Jellinger PS, McGill JB, Mechanick JI, Rosenblit PD, Umpierrez GE. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm - 2019 Executive Summary Endocr Pract 2019 Jan;25:69-100. Tripathy D, Merovci A, Basu R, Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA. Mild Physiologic Hyperglycemia Induces Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Healthy Normal Glucose-Tolerant Participants J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Jan;104:2842-2850. Binda P, Eldor R, Huerta C, Adams J, Lancaster J, Fox P, Del Prato S, DeFronzo R, Abdul-Ghani M, Daniele G. Exenatide modulates visual cortex responses Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019 Jan;35. Di Pino A, DeFronzo RA. Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis: Implications for Insulin-Sensitizing Agents Endocr Rev 2019 Jan;40:1447-1467. Ryder REJ, DeFronzo RA. Pioglitazone: inexpensive; very effective at reducing HbA1c ; no evidence of bladder cancer risk; plenty of evidence of cardiovascular benefit Diabet Med 2019 Jan;36:1185-1186. Kotkowski E, Franklin C, Salazar M, Woolsey M, DeFronzo R, Blangero J, Glahn D, Fox P. A neural signature for metabolic syndrome Hum Brain Mapp 2019 Jan;40:3575-3588. Alkhouri N, Lawitz E, Noureddin M, DeFronzo R, Shulman GI. GS-0976 (firoscostat): an investigational liver-directed acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor for the treatment of NASH Expert Opinion on Invest Drugs (in press) 2019 Jan;. Alatrach M, Agyin C, Mehta R, Adams J, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani M. Glucose-mediated glucose disposal at baseline insulin is impaired in IFG JCEM 2019 Jan;104:163-171. Abdul-Ghani M, Migahid O, Megahed A, Singh R, Fawaz M, DeFronzo RA, Jayyousi A. Pioglitazone prevents the increase in plasma ketone concentration associated with dapagliflozin in insulin-treated T2DM patients: results from the Qatar Study Diab Obes Metab 2019 Jan;21:705-709. Abdul-Ghani MA, Jayyousi A, DeFronzo RA, Asaad N, Al-Suwaidi J. Insulin resistance the link between T2DM and CVD: Basic mechanisms and clinical implications Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019 Jan;17:153-163. Abdul-Ghani M, Migahid O, Megahed A, Singh R, Kamal D, DeFronzo RA, Jayyousi A. Insulin secretion predicts the response to therapy with exenatide plus pioglitazone but not to basal/bolus insulin in poorly controlled T2DM patients: Results from the Qatar study Diab Obes Metab 2018 Dec;20:1075-1079. Shannon C, MerovciA, Xiong J, Tripathy D, Lorenzo F, McClain D, Abdul-Ghani A, Norton L, DeFronzo RA. Effect of Chronic Hyperglycemia on Glucose Metabolism in Subjects With Normal Glucose Tolerance Diabetes 2018 Sep;67:2507-2517. Chen S, Bastarrachea RA, DeFronzo RA, Shen J-S, Kent JW Jr, Laviada-Nagel A, Rodriguez-Ayala E, Nava-Gonzalez EJ, Huang P, Grayburn PA. Ectopic BAT mUCP-1 overexpression in SKM by delivering a BMP7/PRDM16/PGC-1a gene cocktail or single PRMD16 using non-viral UTMD gene therapy Gene Therapy 2018 Aug;25:497-509. Bener A, Eliacik M, Cincik H, Ozturk M, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani MA. The impact of vitamin D deficiency on retinopathy and hearing loss among type 2 diabetic patients BioMed Research Int 2018 Jul;. Arya R, Farook VS , Fowler SP, Puppala S, Chittoor G, Resendez RG, Mummidi S, Vanamala J , Almasy L, Curran JE, Comuzzie AG, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Lynch JL, DeFronzo RA, Blangero J, Hale DE, Duggirala R,. Diego VP. Genetic and Environmental (Physical Fitness and Sedentary Activity) Interaction Effects on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Mexican American Children and Adolescents Genetic Epidemiology 2018 Jun;42(4):378-393. Garduno-Garcia JJ, Gastaldelli A, DeFronzo RA, Lertwattanarak R, Holst JJ, Musi N. Older subjects with b-cell dysfunction have an accentuated incretin release J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Apr;103:2613-2619. Ripley EM, Clarke GD, Hamidi V, Martinez RA, Settles FD, Solis C, Deng S, Abdul-Ghani M, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA. Reduced skeletal muscle phosphocreatine concentration in type 2 diabetic patients:A quantitative image-based phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy study Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018 Mar;315:E229-E239. Lu J, Wang W, Li M, Bi Y, Xu Y, Chen L, Zhao J, Mu Y, DeFronzo RA, Ning G. Associations of hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular disease and mortality in Chinese adults with diabetes J Am Coll Cardiol 2018 Jan;72:3224-3225. Blanco CL, Gastaldelli A, Anzueto DG, Winter LA, Seidner SR, McCurnin DC, Liang H, Javors MA, DeFronzo RA, Musi N. Effects of intravenous AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide riboside) administration on insulin signaling and resistance in premature baboons, Papio sp PLoS One 2018 Jan;13(12). Al Jobori H, Daniele G, Adams J, Cersosimo E, Solis-Herrera C, Triplitt C, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani M. Empagliflozin treatment is associated with improved beta cell function in T2DM J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Jan;103:1402-1407. Clarke GD, Molina-Wilkins M, Solis-Herrera C, Mendez V, Monroy AG, Cersosimo E, Childton RJ, Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA. Impaired left ventricular diastolic function in T2DM patients is closely related to glycemic control Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2018 Jan;1. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E, Shernthaner G, Hantel S, Elsasser U, Lee C, Hach T, Lund SS. Slope of change in HbA1c from baseline with empagliflozin compared with sitagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes Endocrinol Diabetes & Metab 2018 Jan;1. Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, Blonde L, Bloomgarden ZT, Bush MA, Dagogo-Jack S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Fonseca VA, Garber JR, Garvey WT, Grunberger G, Handelsman Y, Hirsch IB, Jellinger PS, McGill JB, Mechanick JI, Rosenblit PD, Umpierrez GE. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm. 2018 Executive Summary Endocr Pract 2018 Jan;24:91-120. DeFronzo RA, Lee C, Kohler S. Safety and tolerability of combinations of empagliflozin and linaglitpin in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled data from two randomized controlled trials Advances in Therapy 2018 Jan;35:1009-1022. Deng S, Ripley EM, Vasquez JA, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA, Clarke GD. Quantitative image-based phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy for evaluating age-based differences in skeletal muscle metabolites Proc of SPIE 2018 Jan;10573. Martinez R, Al-Jobori H, Ali AM, Adams J, Abdul-Ghani M, Triplitt C, DeFronzo R, Cersosimo E. Endogenous glucose production and hormonal changes in response to canagliflozin and liraglutide combination therapy Diabetes 2018 Jan;67:1182-1189. Alatrach M, Agyin C, Adams J, Chilton R, Triplitt C, DeFronzo R, Cersosimo E. Glucose lowering and vascular protective effects of Cycloset added to GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes Endocrinol Diabetes & Metab 2018 Jan;1. Di Pino A, DeFronzo RA. Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis: Implications for insulin sensitizing agents. (accepted) Endocrine Reviews 2018 Jan;. Armato JP, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani M, Ruby RJ. Successful treatment of prediabetes in clinical practice using physiological assessment (STOP DIABETES) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018 Jan;6:781-789. Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA. Therapuetic strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with very high HbA1c: Is insulin the only option? Ann Transl Med 2018 Jan;6. Eldor R, Norton L, Fourcaudot M, Galindo C, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani M. Increased lipid availability for three days reduces whole body glucose uptake, impairs muscle mitochondrial function and initiates opposing effects on PGC-1 alpha promoter methylation in healthy subjects PLOS One 2017 Dec;12. Doiron B, DeFronzo RA. A novel experimental model of human mixed acinar-ductal pancreatic cancer Carcinogenesis 2017 Nov;. Abdul-Ghani MA, Jayyousi A, DeFronzo RA, Asaad N, Al-Suwaidi J. Insulin resistance the link between T2DM and CVD: Basic mehcanisms and clinical implications Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2017 Oct;. Guardado-Mendoza R, Chavez AO, Jimenez-Ceja LM, Hansis-Diarte A, DeFronzo RA, Folli F, Tripathy D. Islet amyloid polypeptide response to maximal hyperglycemia and arginine is altered in impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus Acta Diabetologia 2017 Jan;54:53-61. Jason F, Fuchsberger C, Mahajan A, Teslovich TM, Agarwala V, Gaulton KJ, Caulkins L, Koesterer R, Ma C, Moutsianas L, McCarthy DJ, Rivas MA, Perry JRB, Sim X, Blackwell TW, Robertson NR, Rayner NW, Cingolani P, Locke AE, Tajes JF, Highland HM, Dupuis J, Chines PS, Lindgren CM, Hartl C, Jackson AU, Chen H, Huyghe JR, van de Bunt M, Pearson RD, Kumar A, Muller-Nurasyid M, Grarup N, Stringham HM, Gamazon ER, Lee J, Chen Y, Scott RA, Below JE, Chen P, Huang J, Go MJ, Stitzel ML, Pasko D, Parker SCJ, Varga TV, Green T, Beer NL, Day-Williams AG, Ferreira T, Fingerlin T, Horikoshi M, Hu C, Huh I, Ikram MK, Kim BJ, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kwon MS, Lee J, Lee S, Lin KH, Maxwell TJ, Nagai Y, Wang X, Welch RP, Yoon J, Zhang W, Barzilai N, Voight BF, Han BG, Jenkinson CP, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Manning A, Ng MCY, Palmer ND, Balkau B, Stančakova A, Abboud HE, Boeing H, Giedraitis V, Prabhakaran D, Gottesman O, Scott J, Carey J, Kwan P, Grant G, Smith JD, Neale BM, Purcell S, Butterworth AS, Howson JMM, Lee HM, Lu Y, Kwak SH, Zhao W, Danesh J, Lam VKL, Park KS, Saleheen D, So WY, Tam CHT, Afzal U, Aguilar D, Arya R, Aung T, Chan E, Navarro C, Cheng CY, Palli D, Correa A, Curran JE, Rybin D, Farook VS, Fowler SP, Freedman BI, Griswold M, Hale DE, Hicks PJ, Khor CC, Kumar S, Lehne B, Thuillier D, Lim WY, Liu J, Loh M, Musani SK, Puppala S, Scott WR, Yengo L, Tan ST, Taylor HA, Thameem F, Wilson G, Wong TY, Nj?lstad PR, Levy JC, Mangino M, Bonnycastle LL, Schwarzmayr T, Fadista J, Surdulescu GL, Herder C, Groves CJ, Wieland T, Bork-Jensen J, Brandslund I, Christensen C, Koistinen HA, Doney ASF, Kinnunen L, Esko T, Farmer AJ, Hakaste L, Hodgkiss D, Kravic J, Lyssenko V, Hollensted M, J?rgensen ME, J?rgensen T, Ladenvall C, Justesen JM, Karajamaki A, Kriebel J, Rathmann W, Lannfelt L, Lauritzen T, Narisu N, Linneberg A, Melander O, Milani L, Neville M, Orho-Melander M, Qi L, Qi Q, Roden M, Rolandsson O, Swift A, Rosengren AH, Stirrups K, Wood AR, Mihailov E, Blancher C, Carneiro MO, Maguire J, Poplin R, Shakir K, Fennell T, DePristo M, de Angelis MH, Deloukas P, Gjesing AP, Jun G, Nilsson P, Murphy J, Onofrio R, Thorand B, Hansen T, Meisinger C, Hu FB, Isomaa B, Karpe F, Liang L, Peters A, Huth C, O`Rahilly SP, Palmer CNA, Pedersen O, Rauramaa R, Tuomilehto J, Salomaa V, Watanabe RM, Syvanen AC, Bergman RN, Bharadwaj D, Bottinger EP, Cho YS, Chandak GR, Chan JC, Chia KS, Daly MJ, Ebrahim SB, Langenberg C, Elliott P, Jablonski KA, Lehman DM, Jia W, Ma RCW, Pollin TI, Sandhu M, Tandon N, Froguel P, Barroso I, Teo YY, Zeggini E, Loos RJF, Small KS, Ried JS, DeFronzo RA, Grallert H, Glaser B, Metspalu A, Wareham NJ, Walker M, Banks E, Gieger C, Ingelsson E, Im HK, Illig T, Franks PW, Buck G, Trakalo J, Buck D, Prokopenko I, Magi R, Lind L, Farjoun Y, Owen KR, Gloyn AL, Strauch K, Tuomi T, Kooner JS, Lee JY, Park T, Donnelly P, Morris AD, Hattersley AT, Bowden DW, Collins FS, Atzmon G, Chambers JC, Spector TD, Laakso M, Strom TM, Bell GI, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Tai ES,. Sequence data and association from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls Sci Data 2017 Jan;4. Mercader JM, Liao RG, Bell AD, Dymek Z, Estrada K, Tukiainen T, Huerta-Chagoya A, Moreno-Macias H, Jablonski KA, Hanson RL, Walford GA, Moran I, Chen L, Agarwala V, Ordo?ez-Sanchez ML, Rodriguez-Guillen R, Rodriguez-Torres M, Segura-Kato Y, Garcia-Ortiz H, Centeno-Cruz F, Barajas-Olmos F, Caulkins L, Puppala S, Fontanillas P, Williams A, Bonas-Guarch S, Hartl C, Ripke S; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Tooley K, Lane J, Zerrweck C, Martinez-Hernandez A, Cordova EJ, Mendoza-Caamal E, Contreras-Cubas C, Gonzalez-Villalpando ME, Cruz-Bautista I, Mu?oz-Hernandez L, Gomez-Velasco D, Alvirde U, Henderson BE, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Arellano-Campos O, Riba L, Harden M, Platform BG, Gabriel S; T2D-GENES Consortium, Abboud HE, Cortes ML, Revilla-Monsalve C, Islas-Andrade S, Soberon X, Curran JE, Jenkinson CP, DeFronzo RA, Lehman DM, Hanis CL, Bell GI, Boehnke M, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Saxena R, MacArthur D, Ferrer J, McCarroll SA, Torrents D, Knowler WC, Baier LJ, Burtt N, Gonzalez-Villalpando C, Haiman CA, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Tusie-Luna T, Flannick J, Jacobs SBR, Orozco L, Altshuler D, Florez JC. A Loss-Of-Function Splice Acceptor Variant in IGF2 is Protective for Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes 2017 Jan;66:2903-2914. Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA. Is it time to change the type 2 diabetes treatment paradigm? Yes! GLP-1 RAs should replace metformin in the type 2 diabetes algorithm Diabetes 2017 Jan;40:1121-1127. Abdul-Ghani M, Al Jobori H, Daniele G, Adams J, Cersosimo E, Triplitt C, DeFronzo R.A. Inhibition of renal sodium-glucose cotransport with empagliflozin lowers fasting plasma glucose and improves beta cell function in subjects with impaired fasting glucose Diabetes 2017 Jan;66:2495-2502. Norton L, Shannon C, Fourcaudot M, Hu C, Wang N, Ren W, Song J, Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA, Ren J, Jia W. Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) and glucose transporter (GLUT) expression in the kidney of type 2 diabetic subjects Diab Obes Metab 2017 Jan;19:1322-1326. Al Jobori H, Daniele G, Cersosimo E, Triplitt C, Norton L, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani A. Empagliflozin and kinetics of renal glucose transport in healthy individuals with type 2 diabetes Diabetes 2017 Jan;66:1999-2006. DeFronzo RA. Combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor Diab Obes Metab 2017 Jan;19:1353-1362. Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA, Del Prato S, Chilton R, Singh R, Ryder REJ. Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: Has the dawn of a new era arrived? Diabetes Care 2017 Jan;40:813-820. Gastaldelli A, Gaggini M, DeFronzo R. Glucose kinetics: an update and novel insights into its regulation by glucagon and GLP-1 Current Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017 Jan;20:300-309. Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, Blonde L, Bloomgarden ZT, Bush MA, Dagogo-Jack S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Fonseca VA, Garber JR, Garvey WT, Grunberger G, Handelsman Y, Hirsch IB, Jellinger PS, McGill JB, Mechanick JI, Rosenblit PD, Umpierrez GE. Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm - 2017 Executive Summary Endocr Pract 2017 Jan;23:207-238. Abdul-Ghani M, Migahid O, Megahed A, Adams J, Triplitt C, DeFronzo RA, Zirie M, Jayyousi A. Combination therapy with exenatide plus pioglitazone versus basal/bolus insulin in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on sulfonylurea plus metformin: Diabetes Care 2017 Jan;40:325-331. Alatrach M, Agyin C, Adams J, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani MA. Decreased basal hepatic glucose uptake in impaired fasting glucose Diabetologia 2017 Jan;60:1325-1332. Abdul-Ghani M, Mujahid O, Mujahid A,. DeFronzo RA, Zirie M, Jayyousi A. Efficacy of exenatide plus pioglitazone versus basal/bolus insulin in T2DM patients with very high HbA1c JCEM 2017 Jan;102:2162-2170. Al Jobori H, Daniele G, Adams J, Cersosimo E, Triplitt C, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani M. Determinants of the increase in fasting plasma ketone concentration during SGLT2 inhibition in NGT, IFG and T2DM patients Diab Obes Metab 2017 Jan;19:809-813. McGill-Vargas L, Gastaldelli A, Liang H, Anzueto Guerra D, Johnson-Pais T, Seidner S, McCurnin D, Muscogiuri G, DeFronzo R, Musi N, Blanco C. Hepatic insulin resistance and altered gluconeogenic pathway in premature baboons Endocrinology 2017 Jan;158:1140-1151. DeFronzo RA, Norton L, Abdul-Ghani M. Renal, metabolic and cardiovascular considerations of SGLT2 inhibition Nat Rev Nephrol 2017 Jan;13:11-26. Gastaldelli A, Gaggini, M, DeFronzo RA. Role of adipose tissue insulin resistance in the natural history of T2DM: results from the San Antonio Metabolism Study Diabetes 2017 Jan;66:815-822. Hassoun S, Al-Altrash M, Alkasim M, Dabbous Z, Mujahed O, DeFronzo RA, Jayyousi AM, Zirie M, Abdul-Ghani A. Impact of ethnicity and obesity on insulin resistance in two ethnic groups at very high risk of type 2 diabetes Diabetes Med 2017 Jan;43:292-294. Farook VS, Feddivari L, Mummidi S, Puppala S, Arya R, Fowler SP, Chittoor G, Resendez RG, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Comuzzie AG, Curran JE, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Lynch JL, DeFronzo RA, Blangero J, Hale DE, Duggirala R, Vanamala JKP. Genetics of serum carotenoid concetrations and their correlation with obesity-related traits in Mexican American children Am J Clin Nutr 2017 Jan;106:52-58. T2D Genes Consortia Members. A low-frequency inactivating AKT2 variance enriched in the Finnish population is associated with fasting insulin levels and type 2 diabetes risk Diabetes 2017 Jan;66:2019-2032. Shannon CE, Daniele G, Galindo C, Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA, Norton L. Pioglitazone inhibits mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism and glucose production in hepatocytes FEBS J 2017 Jan;284:451-465. Muscogiuri G, DeFronzo R, Gastaldelli A, Holst JJ. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 and the central/peripheral nervous system: crosstalk in diabetes Trends endocrinol Metab 2017 Jan;28:88-103. Clarke GD, Solis-Herrera C, Molina-Wilkins M, Martinez S, Merovci A, Cersosimo E, Chilton RJ, Iozzo P, Gastaldelli A, Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA. Pioglitazone improves left ventricular diastolic function in diabetic subjects Diabetes Care 2017 Jan;40:1530-1536. Espinoza SE, Wang CP, Tripathy D, Clement SC, Schwenke DC, Banerji MA, Bray GA, Buchanan TA, Henry RR, Kitabchi AE, MAdaliar S, Stentz FB, Reaven PD, DeFronzo RA, Musi N. Pioglitazone is equally effective for diabetes prevention in older versus younger adults with impaired glucose tolerance Age (Dordr) 2016 Dec;38(5):485-493. Hu X, Reaven P, Saremi A, Liu N, Abbasi A, Liu H, Migrino R, ACT NOW Study Investigators. Investigators. Machine learning to predict rapid progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with impaired glucose tolerance EURASIP J Bioinformatics Systems Biology 2016 Sep;(1). Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA, Jayyousi A. Pre-diabetes and risk of diabetes and associated complications ? impaired fasting glucose vs impaired glucose tolerance: does it matter? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metabolic Care 2016 Jul;19:394-399. Handelsman Y, Henry RR, Bloomgarden ZT, Dagogo-Jack S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Ferrannini E, Fonseca VA, Garber AJ, Grunberger G, LeRoith D, Umpierrez GE, Weir MR. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY POSITION STATEMENT ON THE ASSOCIATION OF SGLT-2 INHIBITORS AND DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS Endocr Pract 2016 Jun;22(6):753-762. Tripathy D, Schwenke DC, Banerji MA, Bray GA, Buchanan TA, Clement SC, Henry RR, Kitabchi AE, Mudaliar S, Ratner RE, Stentz FB, Musi N, Reaven PD, DeFronzo RA. Diabetes incidence and glucose tolerance after termination of pioglitazone therapy: Results from ACT NOW J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016 May;101(5):2056-2062. DeFronzo RA, MD, Chilton R, MD, Norton L, Geoffrey Clarke G, Ryder REJ, Abdul-Ghani M. Revitalization of pioglitazone: the optimal agent to be combined with an SGLT2 inhibitor Diabetes, Obesity, & Metabolism 2016 Feb;. DeFronzo RA, Chilton R, Norton L, Clarke G, Ryder RE, Abdul-Ghani M. Revitalization of Pioglitazone: The Optimal Agent to be Combined with an SGLT2 Inhibitor Diabetes Obes Metab 2016 Feb;. Doiron B, Hu W, DeFronzo RA. Beta Cell Formation in vivo Through Cellular Networking, Integration and Processing (CNIP) in Wild Type Adult Mice Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2016 Jan;17(4):376-388. Christian Fuchsberger , Jason Flannick , Kyle Gaulton , Vineeta Agarwala , Hyun Min Kang , Pierre Fontanillas , Noel Burtt , Clement Ma , Thomas Blackwell , Adam Locke , Davis McCarthy , Loukas Moutsianas , Christopher Hartl , Michael Stitzel , Stephen Parker , Richard Pearson , Ashish Kumar , Peter Chines , Anne Jackson , Heather Stringham , Tanya Teslovich , Jeroen Huyghe , Xueling Sim , Yuhui Chen , John Perry , Nigel Rayner , Neil Robertson , Manuel Rivas , Andrew Morris , Benjamin Voight , Cecilia Lindgren , Martijn van de Bunt , Anubha Mahajan , Todd Green , Claes Ladenvall , Jo?o Fadista , Jasmina Kravic , Valeriya Lyssenko , Lori Bonnycastle , Leena Kinnunen , Narisu Narisu , Amy Swift , Kerrin Small , Katharine Owen , Christopher Groves , Michael Roden , Werner Rathmann , Christian Herder , Leif Groop , Peter Nilsson , Tiinamaija Tuomi , Jaakko tuomilehto , Francis Collins , Richard Watanabe , Richard Bergman , Andrew Hattersley , Tim Frayling , Tim Spector , Konstantin Strauch , Annette Peters , Christian Gieger , Ruth Loos , Erwin Bottinger , Yingchang Lu , Omri Gottesman , Andres Metspalu , Erik Ingelsson , Lars Lind , Phoenix Kwan , Robert Sladek , Philippe Froguel , Loic Yengo , Dorothy Thuillier , Pablo Cingolani , Reedik Magi , Evelin Mihailov , James Meigs , Josee Dupuis , Han Chen , Denis Rybin , Thomas Meitinger , Thomas Illig , Harald Grallert , Martina Mueller , Ann-Christine Syvanen , Vilmantas Giedraitis , Mark Seielstad , Ravindranath Duggirala , John Blangero , Craig Hanis , Nancy Cox , Graeme Bell , Stacey Gabriel , Eric Lander , Ryan Poplin , Eric Banks , Jared Maguire , Khalid Shakir , Timothy Fennell , Mark DePristo , David Buck , Gemma Buck , Joseph Trakalo , Janina Ried , Cornelia Huth , Jose Florez , Karen Mohlke , Gilean McVean , Laura Scott , Goncalo Abecasis , Peter Donnelly , Inga Prokopenko , Tim Strom , Mark McCarthy , David Altshuler , Barbara Thorand , Christa Meisinger , Martin Hrabe de Angelis , Claudia Langenberg , Robert Scott , Nicholas Wareham , Beverley Balkau , Heiner Boeing , Paul Franks , Carmen Navarro , Domenico Palli , Yvonne van der Schouw , Andrew Morris , Heikki Koistinen , Hanna Abboud , Ralph DeFronzo , Alisa Manning , Rector Ayra , Barry Freedman , Adolfo Correa , Alex Doney , Alena Stančakova , Cheng Hu , Allan Linneberg , Anders Rosengren , Andrew Farmer , Anette Gjesing , Anna Gloyn , Annemari Karajamaki , Young Jin Kim , Andrew Wood , Adam Butterworth , Tin Aung , Benjamin Glaser , Benjamin Lehne , Benjamin Neale , Bo Isomaa , Bok-Ghee Han , Mauricio Carneiro , Giriraj Chandak , Ching-Yu Cheng , Christine Blancher , Christopher Jenkinson , Claudia Tam , Colin Palmer , Cramer Christensen , Joanne Curran , David Aguilar , Dwaipayan Bharadwaj , Donald Bowden , Selyeong Lee , Dorota Pasko , Dorairaj Prabhakaran , Dylan Hodgkiss , Edmund Chan , Eleftheria Zeggini , Eric Gamazon , E Shyong Tai , Yossi Farjoun , Farook Thameem , Teresa Ferreira , Sharon Fowler , Frank Hu , Fredrik Karpe. The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes Nature 2016 Jan;536:41-47. Blangero J, Teslovich TM, Sim X, Almeida MA, Jun G, Dyer TD, Johnson M, Peralta JM, Manning A, Wood AR, Fuchsberger C, Kent JW Jr, Aguilar DA, Below JE, Farook VS, Arya R, Fowler S, Blackwell TW, Puppala S, Kumar S, Glahn DC, Moses EK, Curran JE, Thameem F, Jenkinson CP, DeFronzo RA, Lehman DM, Hanis C, Abecasis G, Boehnke M, Goring H, Duggirala R, Almasy L; T2D-GENES Consortium. Omics-squared: human genomic, transcriptomic and phenotypical data for genetic analysis workshop 19 BMC Proc 2016 Jan;10:71-77. Muscogiuri G, Daniele G, DeFronzo R, Gastaldelli A, Holst JJ. GLP-1 and central/peripheral nervous system: a key cross talk in type 2 diabetes (accepted) Nature Rev Endocrinol 2016 Jan;. Espinoza S, Wang C-P, Tripathy D, Clement SC, Schwenke DC, Banerji MA, Bray G, Buchanan T, Henry R, Kitabchi A, Mudaliar S, Ratner R, Stentz F, Reaven P, DeFronzo RA, Musi N. Pioglitazone is Equally Effective for Diabetes Prevention in Older versus Younger Adults with Impaired Glucose Tolerance Age (Dordr) 2016 Jan;38:485-493. Eldor R, Daniele G, Huerta C, Alatrach M, Adams J, DeFronzo RA, Duong T, Lancaster J, Zirie M, Jayyousi A, Abdul-Ghani M. Discordance between central (brain) and pancreatic action of exenatide in lean and obese subjects Diabetes Care 2016 Jan;339:1804-1810. 703. Daniele G, Xiong J, Solis-Herrera C, Merovci A, Eldor R, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA, Norton L, Abdul-Ghani M. Dapagliflozin enhances fat oxidation and ketone production in patients with type 2 diabetes patients Diabetes Care 2016 Jan;39:2036-2041. Gastaldelli A, Daniele G, Gaggini M, Ciociaro D, Cersosimo E, Tripathy D, Triplitt C, Fox P, Musi N, DeFronzo R, Iozzo P. Exenatide improves both hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance: a dynamic PET study Hepatology 2016 Jan;64:2028-2037. Wilding JPH, Rajeev SP, DeFronzo RA. Positioning SGLT2 inhibitors/incretin based therapies in the treatment algorithm Diabetes Care 2016 Jan;39:S154-S164. 699. DeFronzo RA, Buse JB, Kim T, Burns C, Skare S, Baron A, Fineman M. Once-daily delayed-release metformin lowers plasma glucose and enhances fasting and postprandial GLP-1 and PYY Diabetologia 2016 Jan;59:1645-1654. DeFronzo RA. The EMPA-REG study: What has it told us? A diabetologist`s perspective J Diabetes Complications 2016 Jan;30:1-2. Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, Blonde L, Bloomgarden ZT, Bush MA, Dagogo-Jack S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Fonseca VA, Garber JR, Garvey WT, Grunberger G, Handelsman Y, Henry RR, Hirsch IB, Jellinger PS, McGill JB, Mechanick JI, Rosenblit PD, Umpierrez GE. CONSENSUS STATEMENT BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ON THE COMPREHENSIVE TYPE 2 DIABETES MANAGEMENT ALGORITHM - 2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Endocr Pract 2016 Jan;22(1):84-113. Abdul-Ghani M, Del Prato S, Chilton R, DeFronzo RA. SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: lessons learned from the EPMA-REG OUTCOME trial Diabetes Care 2016 Jan;39:717-725. Merovci A, Abdul-Ghani M, Mari A, Solis-Herrera C, Xiong J, Daniele G, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA. Effect of dapagliflozin with and without acipimox on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in T2DM individuals JCEM 2016 Jan;. Buse J, DeFronzo RA, Rosenstock J, Kim T, Burns C, Skare S, Baron A, Fineman M. The primary glucose-lowering effect of metformin resides in the gut not the circulation. Results from short-term pharmacokinetic and 12-week dose ranging studies Diabetes Care 2016 Jan;39:198-205. Daniele G, Iozzo P, Molina-Carrion M, Lancaster J, Ciociaro D, Cersosimo E, Tripathy D, Triplitt C, Fox P, Musi, N, DeFronzo, R, Gastaldelli A. Exenatide Regulates Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Brain Areas Associated With Glucose Homeostasis and Reward System Diabetes 2015 Oct;64(10):3406-3412. Blanco CL, Mcgill-Vargas LL, Gastaldelli A, Seidner SR, McCurinin DC, Leland MM, Anzueto DG, Johnson MC, Liang H, DeFronzo RA, Musi N. Peripheral Insulin Resistance and Impaired Insulin Signaling Contribute To Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Preterm Baboons Endocrinology 2015 Mar;156(3):813-823. Lorenz M, Price, J, Robertson C, and PROG-IMT Investigators. Carotid intima media thickness progression and risk of vascular events in people with diabetes mellitus-results from the PROg-IMT collaboration Diabetes Care 2015 Jan;38:1921-1929. Coletta DK, Fernandez M, Cersosimo E, Gastaldelli A, Musi N, DeFronzo RA. The effect of muraglitazar on adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation genes in human skeletal muscle in vivo Diabet Med 2015 Jan;32(5):657-664. Tripathy D, Cobb JE, Gall W, Adam KP, George T, Schwenke DC, Banerji M, Bray GA, Buchanan TA, Clement SC, Henry RR, Kitabchi AE, Mudaliar S, Ratner RE, Stentz FB, Reaven PD, Musi N, Ferrannini E, DeFronzo RA. A Novel Insulin Resistance Index to Monitor Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Tolerance: the ACT NOW Study J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 Jan;:1855-1862. de Figueiredo ASP, Salmon A, Bruno F, Jimenez F, Martinez HG, Halade GV, Ahuja SS, Clark RA, DeFronzo RA, Abboud HE, El Jamali A. Nox2 mediates skeletal muscle insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet J Biol Chem 2015 Jan;290(21):13427-13439. 658. Fiorentino TV, Owston M, Abrahamian G, La Rosa S, Marando A, Perego C, Di Cairano ES, Finzi G, Capella C, Sessa F, Casirahi F, Paez An, Adivi A, Davalli A, Fiorina P, Mendoza RG, Comuzzie AG, DeFronzo RA, Halff G, Dick EJ, Folli F. Chronic continuous exenatide infusion does not cause pancreatic inflammation and ductal hyperplasia in non-human primates (Baboons: Papio Hamadryas) Am J Pathology 2015 Jan;185:139-150. 688. Jenkinson CP, Goring HHH, Arya R, Blangero J, Duggirala R, DeFronzo RA. Transcriptomics in type 2 diabetes: bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype Genom Data 2015 Jan;8:25-36. Triplitt C, Solis-Herrera C, Cersosimo E, Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA. Empagliflozin and linagliptin combination therapy for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015 Jan;16:2819-2833. 672. Winnier DA, Fourcaudot M, Norton L, Abdul-Ghani MA, Hu SL, Farook VS, Coletta DK, Kumar S, Puppala S, Chittoor G, Dyer TD, Ayra R, Carless M, Lehman DM, Curran JE, Cromack DT, Tripathy D, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Goring HH, DeFronzo RA, Jenkinson CP. Transcriptomic identification of ADH1B as a novel candidate gene for obesity and insulin resistance in human adipose tissue in Mexican Americans from the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study (VAGES) PLOS Genetics 2015 Jan;10(4). 661. Farook VS, Reddivari L, Chittoor G, Puppala S, Arya R, Fowler SP, Hunt KJ, Curran JE, Comuzzie AG, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Lynch JL, DeFronzo RA, Blangero J, Hale DE, Duggirala R, Vanamala J. Metabolites as novel biomarkers for childhood obesity-related traits in Mexican American Children Pediatr Obes 2015 Jan;10:320-327. Abdul-Ghani MA, Puckett C, Triplitt C, Maggs D, Adams J, Cersosimo E, DeFronzo RA. Initial combination therapy with metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT): Diabetes Obesity Metabolism 2015 Jan;17:268-275. DeFronzo RA, Lewin A, Patel S, Liu D, Kaste R, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC. Combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin as second-line therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin Diabetes Care 2015 Jan;38:384-393. Merovci A, Solis-Herrera C, Xiong J, Daniele G, Chavez A, Tripathy D, McCarthy SU, Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA. Dapagliflozin Lowers Plasma Glucose Concentration and Improves Beta Cell Function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 Jan;100:1927-1932. Lewin A, DeFronzo RA, Patel S, Liu D, Kaste R, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC. Initial combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 2015 Jan;38:394-402. Ryder REJ, DeFronzo RA. Rehabilitation of pioglitazone Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2015 Jan;15:46-49. DeFronzo R, Ferrannini E, Groop L, Henry RR, Herman WH, Holst JJ, Hu FB, Kahn CR, Raz, I, Shulman GI, Simonson D, Testa MA, Weiss R. Type 2 diabetes mellitus Nature Reviews Disease Primer 2015 Jan;1. Hayward RA, Reaven PD, Wiitala WL, Bahn GD, Reda DJ, Ge L, McCarren M, Duckworth WC, Emanuele NV, VADT Investigators. Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes New Engl J Med 2015 Jan;372:2197-2206. Davies MJ, Bergenstal R, Bode B, Kushner RF, Lewin A, Skjoth TV, Jensen CB, DeFronzo RA. Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE Diabetes Randomized clinical trial JCEM 2015 Jan;314:687-699. Frost PA, Chen S, Mezzles MJ, Voruganti VS, Nava-Gonzalez EJ, Arriaga-Cazares HE, Freed KA, Comuzzie AG, DeFronzo RA, Kent JW Jr, Grayburn PA, Bastarrachea RA. Successful pharmaceutical-grade streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia in a conscious tethered baboon (Papio hamadryas) model J Med Primatology 2015 Jan;44:202-217. DeFronzo RA, Triplitt CL, Abdul-Ghani M, Cersosimo E. Novel Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Spectr 2014 May;27(2):100-112. Schwartz S, DeFronzo RA, DeFronzo, M.D. RA. The use of non-insulin anti-diabetic agents to improve glycemia without hypoglycemia in the hospital setting: focus on incretins Curr Diab Rep 2014 Mar;14(3). Merovci A, Solis-Herrera C, Daniele G, Eldor R, Fiorentino TV, Tripathy D, Xiong J, Perez Z, Norton L, Abdul-Ghani MA, DeFronzo RA.

      . Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production J Clin Invest 2014 Feb;124(2):509-514.

      Daniele G, Eldor R, Merovci A, Clarke GD, Xiong J, Tripathy D, Taranova A, Abdul-Ghani M, Defronzo RA. Chronic Reduction of Plasma FFA Improves Mitochondrial Function and Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity in Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Individuals Diabetes 2014 Jan;63(8):2812-2820. DeFronzo R, Tripathy D, Abdul-Ghani M and Gastaldeli A. The Disposition Index Does Not Reflect Beta Cell Function in IGT Subjects Treated with Pioglitazone J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014 Jan;99(10):3774-3781. Shalata A1, Ramirez MC, Desnick RJ, Priedigkeit N, Buettner C, Lindtner C, Mahroum M, Abdul-Ghani M, Dong F, Arar N, Camacho-Vanegas O, Zhang R, Camacho SC, Chen Y, Ibdah M, DeFronzo R, Gillespie V, Kelley K, Dynlacht BD, Kim S, Glucksman MJ, Borochowitz ZU, Martignetti JA.
      . Morbid obesity resulting from inactivation of the ciliary protein CEP19 in humans and mice Am J Hum Genet 2013 Dec;93(6):1061-1071. Abdul-Ghani MA, DeFronzo RA, Norton L. A Novel Hypothesis to Explain Why SGLT2 Inhibitors Inhibit only 30-50% of Filtered Glucose Load in Humans Diabetes 2013 Jul;62:3324-3328. Shalata A, Jazmawi W, Aslan O, Badarni K, Dabbah K, Sawaed S, Cohen Castel O, Borochowitz ZU, Karkabi K, Defronzo R, Abdul-Ghani M. Early metabolic defects in Arab subjects with strong family history of Type 2 diabetes J Endocrinol Invest 2013 Jun;36(6):417-421. Bener A1, Yousafzai MT, Al-Hamaq AO, Abdul-Ghani M, Defronzo RA.
      . Parental transmission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a highly endogamous population World J Diabetes 2013 Apr;15(4):40-46.

      Not Specified

      DeFronzo R, Fleming GA, Chen K, Bicsak TA, DeFronzo RA. Corrigendum to "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk" [Metabolism 65 (2016) 20-29] Metabolism 2016 Jun;. Doiron B, DeFronzo RA. A simply way to generate pancreatic beta ell formation in vivo through ?cellular networking, integration and processing? J Clin Mol Endocrinol 2016 Jan;1:1-3. DeFronzo RA, Lewin A, Patel S, Liu D, Kaste R, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC. Erratum. Combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin as second-line therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin. Diabetes care 2015;38:384-393 Diabetes Care 2015 Jun;38(6):1173-1173. Lewin A, DeFronzo RA, Patel S, Liu D, Kaste R, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC. Erratum. Initial combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care 2015;38:394-402 Diabetes Care 2015 Jun;38(6):1173-1173.

      Review Article

      DeFronzo R, Fleming GA, Chen K, Bicsak TA. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: current perspectives on causes and risk Metabolism 2016 Jan;65:20-29. Kanat M, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani MA. Treatment of prediabetes World J Diabetes 2015 Sep;6(12):1207-1222. Ferrannini E, DeFronzo RA. Impact of glucose-lowering drugs on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes Eur Heart J 2015 Jun;36:2288-2296. Schwartz SS, DeFronzo RA, Umpierrez GE. Practical implementation of incretin-based therapy in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes Postgrad Med 2015 Feb;127(2):251-257. Abdul-Ghani MA, Norton L, DeFronzo RA. Renal sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibition in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015 Jan;309:F889-F900. Abdul-Ghani M, Norton L, Defronzo. Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Curr Diabetes Rep 2012 Jun;12(3):230-238. Abdul-Ghani MA, Norton L, DeFronzo RA. The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis: a new path towards normalizing glycaemia Diabetes Obes Metab 2012 Jan;14:5-14.

  • Clinical

    Serving as the Deputy Director of the Texas Diabetes Institute, a state-of-the-art facility designed to provide comprehensive care for diabetic patients in San Antonio and southwest Texas. 

    • 8 full time staff endocrinologists and houses ophthalmology, podiatry, hyperbaric medicine, rehab medicine, dietary services, patient education department, and the pharmacy.
    • Sees approximately 10,000 individual diabetic patients per year.
    • State-of-the-art Clinical Care Programs for treatment & prevention of diabetes kidney disease.
    • Cardio-Metabolic-Renal Program to prevent the macrovascular & microvascular diabetes complications.

    Board Certifications

    • American Board of Internal Medicine/Nephrology