Programs
Departments & Divisions
Currently seeking Ph.D. students
Manzoor A. Bhat, M.S., Ph.D.
Professor and Chair
Cellular and Integrative Physiology
Intricate molecular interactions between neurons and glial cells form the underlying basis of axonal insulation across species. Mutations in human genes that affect insulation of axons are associated with profound disturbances in normal impulse conduction and significant neurological disabilities. We are investigating the genetic and molecular basis of complex and reciprocal interactions between various types of glial cells, which play a key role in axonal insulation, blood-brain barrier formation and axon guidance across species. In vertebrates axonal insulation is achieved by myelination carried out by glial cells (Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes). The myelinated nerve fibers are organized into distinct domains that are necessary for rapid saltatory conduction. These domains include the nodes of Ranvier and the flanking paranodal regions where myelin loops closely appose and form axo-glial septate junctions. We identified the vertebrate homologs of the Drosophila septate junction proteins and demonstrated a conserved role for these proteins in the organization and function of the axo-glial septate junctions in myelinated axons.
We generated Caspr, and Neurofascin (homologs of Drosophila nrx IV and nrg, respectively) mutant mice and demonstrated that in these mutants, paranodal axo-glial septate junctions fail to form and the axonal domain organization is disrupted. These defects result in severe motor deficits, decrease in nerve conduction velocity and axonal degeneration, thus demonstrating a critical role for these proteins in axon-glial interactions in myelinated axons. Our recent studies in mice, using neuron- and myelinating glia-specific inducible-Cre lines, show that axo-glial junction disruption in adults results in slow but progressive neurological disabilities leading to paralysis. These adult mouse mutants serve as models for human myelin-related pathologies.
Legend: Mouse sciatic nerve myelinated axons immunostained against three proteins: Neurofascin 186 at the node of Ranvier (green), Contactin-associated protein at the paranodes (blue) and potassium channels at the juxtaparanodes (red).
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Research & Grants
Related Diseases: Multiple Sclerosis, Peripheral Neuropathy, Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Techniques Used: Genetics, Cell Biology, Biochemistry
Research Area/Field of Study: Physiology, Neuroscience
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Publications
Saifetiarova, J., Liu, X., Taylor, A.M., Li, J. and Bhat, M.A. (2017). Axonal Domain Disorganization in Caspr1 and Caspr2 Mutant Myelinated Axons Affects Neuromuscular Junction Integrity Leading to Muscle Atrophy. J. Neurosci. Res. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24052
Saifetiarova, J., Taylor, A.M., and Bhat, M.A. (2017) Early and Late Loss of the Cytoskeletal Scaffolding Protein, Ankyrin G Reveals its Role in Maturation and Maintenance of Nodes of Ranvier in Myelinated Axons. J Neurosci. 2661-16.2017
Taylor, A.M., Saifetyarova, J., and Bhat, M.A. (2017) Postnatal Loss of Neurofascin 186 and Neurofascin 155 Differentially Affects the Maintenance of Nodes of Ranvier and Health of Myelinated Axons. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 11:11. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00011
Banerjee, S., Mino, R., Fisher, E. and Bhat, M.A. (2017). A Versatile Genetic Tool to Study Midline Glia Function in the Drosophila CNS. Developmental Biology 429(1):35-43.
Banerjee, S., Venkatesan, A. and Bhat, M.A. (2016) Neurexin, Neuroligin and Wishful Thinking Coordinate Synaptic Cytoarchitecture and Growth at Neuromuscular Junctions. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 78, 9-24. (Featured on the Cover).
Mino, R.E., Rogers, S.L., Risinger, A.L., Rohena, C., Banerjee, S. and Bhat, M.A. (2016). Drosophila Ringmaker Regulates Microtubule Stabilization and Axonal Extension During Embryonic Development. J. Cell Sci. 129, 3282-3294.